Brookline remains part of Norfolk County primarily due to a significant historical decision made in 1873, when it notably refused to be annexed by the growing city of Boston. This choice preserved its independent status within Norfolk County, even as surrounding towns were absorbed by Boston and subsequently moved to Suffolk County.
The Historical Context: The Great Annexation Debate of 1873
In the late 19th century, Boston embarked on a period of rapid expansion, annexing several neighboring towns and municipalities. This process aimed to consolidate urban areas and streamline governance.
The key events that led to Brookline's unique county affiliation include:
- West Roxbury's Annexation: In 1873, the town of West Roxbury, which bordered Brookline and was also part of Norfolk County, was successfully annexed by Boston.
- County Reassignment: Upon annexation, West Roxbury, like other incorporated areas, left Norfolk County and joined Suffolk County, which is Boston's primary county.
- Brookline's Refusal: Simultaneously, Brookline was also approached for annexation by Boston. However, following a significant public debate known as the "Boston–Brookline annexation debate of 1873," the citizens of Brookline voted overwhelmingly against joining Boston. They preferred to maintain their distinct identity and local governance.
- Emergence as an Exclave: As a direct result of Brookline's decision to remain independent while West Roxbury became part of Boston (and Suffolk County), Brookline found itself geographically separated from the rest of Norfolk County. This made Brookline an exclave of Norfolk County—a portion of a political entity that is geographically separated from the main part and surrounded by another jurisdiction.
What Being an Exclave Means for Brookline
As an exclave of Norfolk County, Brookline operates under the jurisdiction of Norfolk County for various administrative and judicial functions, despite not sharing a direct land border with the rest of the county. This unique geographical status is a lasting legacy of its independent spirit and the historical choices made by its residents over a century ago.
| Year | Event | Impact on Brookline |
|---|---|---|
| 1873 | West Roxbury annexed by Boston; moves to Suffolk County. | Brookline becomes geographically isolated from the rest of Norfolk County. |
| 1873 | Brookline refuses annexation by Boston. | Maintains its status within Norfolk County. |
For more information on Brookline's history and its unique position, you can visit the official Town of Brookline website.
