Misoprostol is used in medical termination of pregnancy (MTP) to induce uterine contractions, which helps to expel the pregnancy.
In the context of MTP, misoprostol is often used in combination with mifepristone. Here's a breakdown of its role:
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Mechanism of Action: Misoprostol is a prostaglandin analogue. It binds to prostaglandin receptors in the uterus, causing the uterine muscles to contract. These contractions lead to the expulsion of the pregnancy tissue.
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Synergistic Effect with Mifepristone: Mifepristone is an antiprogesterone. It blocks the action of progesterone, a hormone essential for maintaining pregnancy. By blocking progesterone, mifepristone makes the uterus more sensitive to the effects of misoprostol. This combination is highly effective.
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Efficacy: The combination of mifepristone and misoprostol is highly effective for MTP. Studies show that this combination results in complete abortion in over 95% of women through 63 days of gestation and around 93% between 64 and 70 days.
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Administration: Typically, mifepristone is taken first, followed by misoprostol 24-48 hours later. Misoprostol can be administered orally, vaginally, or buccally (between the cheek and gum).
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Side Effects: Common side effects of misoprostol include abdominal cramping, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and bleeding.
In summary, misoprostol plays a crucial role in MTP by causing uterine contractions necessary for expelling the pregnancy, and its effectiveness is significantly enhanced when used in conjunction with mifepristone.
