Nail fungus, also known as onychomycosis, works by microscopic fungi invading the nail, feeding on keratin (the protein that makes up the nail), and causing damage and discoloration.
Here's a breakdown of the process:
- Infection Source: Fungi, tiny microscopic organisms, are the culprits. These fungi thrive in warm, moist environments, like showers, swimming pools, and sweaty shoes.
- Entry Point: The fungus typically enters the nail through tiny cracks or cuts in the nail or surrounding skin. This can occur from minor trauma, poor hygiene, or walking barefoot in public places. People who already have athlete's foot are more susceptible, as the fungus can easily spread from the foot to the toenails.
- Fungal Growth: Once inside, the fungus begins to feed on the keratin that makes up the nail. As it consumes the keratin, it multiplies and spreads within the nail structure.
- Nail Damage: The fungal growth causes several visible changes:
- Discoloration: The nail may turn yellow, white, brown, or even black.
- Thickening: The nail can become thicker and more difficult to trim.
- Brittleness: The nail may become brittle and prone to cracking or crumbling.
- Distortion: The shape of the nail can become distorted.
- Separation: The nail may separate from the nail bed.
- Spread: If left untreated, the fungal infection can spread to other nails, the skin surrounding the nail, or even to other people through direct contact.
In essence, nail fungus works by penetrating the nail, establishing itself, consuming the nail's protein, and progressively damaging the nail's structure and appearance, potentially spreading to other areas.
