In medical terms, hematuria refers to the presence of blood in the urine. This condition indicates that red blood cells, which are typically absent from urine, are present in the urinary tract or kidneys and have made their way into the urine.
Hematuria is a symptom, not a disease itself, and it signals that further medical evaluation may be needed to determine its underlying cause.
Understanding Hematuria
Hematuria can manifest in different ways, broadly categorized into two main types:
- Gross Hematuria (Visible Hematuria): This is when the blood in the urine is visible to the naked eye. The urine may appear pink, red, brown, or even cola-colored due to the presence of red blood cells. Even a small amount of blood can significantly change the urine's color.
- Microscopic Hematuria: In this type, the blood is not visible without the aid of a microscope. It is often discovered incidentally during a routine urine test (urinalysis) performed for other medical reasons. Despite not being visible, the presence of red blood cells under microscopic examination confirms hematuria.
Key Differences Between Gross and Microscopic Hematuria
| Feature | Gross Hematuria | Microscopic Hematuria |
|---|---|---|
| Visibility | Visible without a microscope; urine color changes. | Not visible without a microscope; urine color appears normal. |
| Detection | Noticed by the individual or caregiver. | Detected through laboratory urinalysis. |
| Red Blood Cell Count | Often contains a higher concentration of red blood cells. | Contains a lower concentration of red blood cells. |
For more comprehensive information on hematuria, you can refer to reputable sources such as the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK).
