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What is a Hornblower's Test?

Published in Medical Examination 2 mins read

The Hornblower's Test is a physical examination maneuver used to identify a tear in the teres minor muscle, which is a part of the rotator cuff.

Understanding the Test

The test involves a specific arm movement that isolates the teres minor muscle to evaluate its strength and function. Here's a breakdown:

  • Positioning: The patient's arm is abducted (moved away from the body) to 90 degrees and externally rotated (elbow bent, rotating the forearm outward) against resistance from the examiner.
  • Observation: The examiner observes if the patient has any weakness or pain during this movement.

How the Hornblower's Test Identifies Teres Minor Tear

The teres minor is one of the rotator cuff muscles that helps with external rotation of the shoulder. If the muscle is torn or damaged, the patient will experience:

  • Weakness: The patient will be unable to generate normal force during external rotation against resistance.
  • Pain: The maneuver may elicit pain, indicating damage to the teres minor or surrounding structures.


Step-by-step Breakdown:

Here is a step-by-step breakdown of how the test is performed:

  1. The patient is typically sitting or standing with their arm abducted 90 degrees.
  2. The elbow is flexed at 90 degrees as well.
  3. The examiner provides resistance as the patient attempts to rotate their forearm outward.
  4. The examiner notes any weakness or pain during the movement.


Key Takeaways

  • The Hornblower's test is used specifically to assess the teres minor muscle, part of the rotator cuff.
  • Weakness or pain during the test suggests a potential tear in the teres minor.
  • The test is valuable in the evaluation of shoulder conditions and injuries.