An abnormal result is generally defined as a test result that falls outside the established laboratory reference ranges. However, interpreting what is truly "abnormal" requires careful consideration of various influencing factors.
Understanding Abnormal Results
When a lab test result comes back flagged as "abnormal," it means the value is either higher or lower than the range typically seen in a healthy population. These reference ranges are established by the laboratory based on the population they serve and the specific methods and equipment they use.
Factors Influencing Test Results
Several factors can influence lab test results and potentially lead to a result being flagged as abnormal when it might not indicate a true health problem:
-
Individual Variability: Everyone's body is different. What's normal for one person may be slightly outside the standard reference range for another.
-
Age and Sex: Reference ranges often vary based on age and sex. For example, hormone levels differ significantly between men and women, and they also change with age.
-
Medications: Many medications can affect lab test results. It's important to inform your doctor about all medications you are taking, including over-the-counter drugs and supplements.
-
Diet and Lifestyle: Diet, exercise, alcohol consumption, and smoking can all impact lab results.
-
Time of Day: Some hormone levels fluctuate throughout the day, so the time a blood sample is drawn can influence the result.
-
Hydration: Dehydration or overhydration can affect the concentration of certain substances in the blood.
-
Lab Error: Though rare, errors in the lab during sample collection, processing, or analysis can occur.
Interpreting Abnormal Results
It's crucial to always discuss abnormal lab results with your doctor. They can consider your medical history, current medications, lifestyle, and other factors to determine if the abnormal result is clinically significant. A single abnormal result may not always indicate a serious problem and may warrant further investigation or monitoring. In some cases, a repeat test may be ordered to confirm the initial finding. Don't self-diagnose or begin treatment based solely on lab results.
