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What Was the 21 Years Under Siege?

Published in Military History 2 mins read

The 21 years under siege refers to the Siege of Candia, a protracted military conflict that saw Ottoman forces besiege the Venetian-ruled capital city of Candia (modern-day Heraklion, Crete). Lasting from 1648 to 1669, this monumental siege holds the record as one of the longest in history.

Understanding the Siege of Candia

The Siege of Candia was a pivotal event in the ongoing struggle for naval and territorial dominance between the Ottoman Empire and the Republic of Venice. Candia, strategically located on the island of Crete, was a vital Venetian stronghold in the Eastern Mediterranean. Its fall would signify a major shift in power.

  • Location: The city of Candia, located on the island of Crete, now known as Heraklion.
  • Combatants: The Ottoman Empire waged war against the Republic of Venice, specifically targeting its capital city on Crete.
  • Duration: The siege spanned an astonishing 21 years, from 1648 to 1669. This extended duration tested the limits of endurance for both besiegers and defenders.

Key Aspects of the Longest Siege

The sheer length of the Siege of Candia made it an extraordinary historical event, marked by immense human cost and strategic significance.

Aspect Details
Event Name Siege of Candia
Modern Name Heraklion, Crete
Time Period 1648 – 1669
Duration 21 Years
Belligerents Ottoman Forces vs. Venetian-ruled Kingdom of Candia
Significance One of the longest sieges recorded in history, showcasing extreme military endurance and strategic importance.

The siege involved countless assaults, counter-attacks, mining operations, and naval blockades. Both sides invested vast resources, manpower, and suffered heavy casualties. Despite the overwhelming Ottoman numbers and relentless pressure, the Venetian defenders, aided by various European volunteers, demonstrated remarkable resilience for over two decades. Ultimately, the city succumbed to the Ottomans in 1669, marking the end of Venetian rule on Crete.