During World War II, the United States Marines were commonly known by several distinctive and enduring nicknames that had originated prior to the war and continued to be widely used. The most prominent among these include "Jarheads," "Devil Dogs," (Teufel Hunden), and "Leathernecks." These terms reflect the Marines' unique history, appearance, and fierce reputation in combat, deeply embedded in their identity during WWII and beyond.
Prominent Nicknames of the US Marines During WWII
Here's an in-depth look at the key nicknames and their origins, which were well-established and used throughout the World War II era:
Jarheads
This nickname is one of the most recognizable for Marines. While its exact origin is debated, it is widely believed to refer to the appearance of a Marine's high-and-tight haircut, which could resemble the shape of a jar or a Mason jar lid. Another theory suggests it relates to the old-style helmets worn by Marines, which some thought looked like jars. Regardless of its precise etymology, the term "Jarhead" was firmly in common parlance by the time of World War II and remains a widely used, albeit informal, moniker today.
Devil Dogs (Teufel Hunden)
The legendary nickname "Devil Dogs" has its roots in World War I, specifically during the intense Battle of Belleau Wood in 1918. Legend has it that German soldiers, unnerved by the relentless and aggressive fighting of the Marines, referred to them as Teufel Hunden, which translates from German to "Devil Dogs." This powerful and fearsome appellation was quickly adopted by the Marines themselves, becoming a proud symbol of their indomitable spirit and tenacity in battle. The nickname resonated deeply and was carried forward, serving as a badge of honor for Marines fighting in World War II.
Leathernecks
Dating back to the late 18th and early 19th centuries, the nickname "Leathernecks" refers to a distinctive part of the early Marine uniform. From 1798 to 1872, Marines wore a stiff leather stock or collar around their necks. This leather collar served multiple practical purposes: it protected the neck from saber cuts during close-quarters combat and helped Marines maintain an upright, disciplined posture. Although the physical leather collar was phased out long before World War II, the nickname "Leatherneck" persisted, enduring as a testament to the Marine Corps' long-standing traditions, discipline, and historical toughness.
Summary of Marine Corps Nicknames
These nicknames, though originating at different times, were all well-established and commonly used to refer to the United States Marines during World War II, symbolizing their distinct identity and combat prowess.
| Nickname | Origin/Meaning | Era of Prominence (including WW2) |
|---|---|---|
| Jarheads | Believed to refer to the distinctive high-and-tight haircut or old-style helmets of Marines. | Early 20th Century – Present |
| Devil Dogs | Derived from the German Teufel Hunden, allegedly used by German soldiers during WWI to describe the Marines' ferocity. | WWI – Present |
| Leathernecks | Refers to the stiff leather collar worn as part of the Marine uniform in the 18th and 19th centuries, providing protection and posture. | Early 19th Century – Present |
The United States Marine Corps is renowned for its steadfast devotion, encapsulated in its motto, Semper fidelis ("Always faithful"), and represented by its iconic scarlet and gold colors. For further historical details and information on the United States Marine Corps, its traditions, and nicknames, you can explore its Wikipedia page.
