The "mirror brain" refers to the neural system responsible for the mirror mechanism, a fundamental brain process that translates the observed actions or emotions of others into corresponding internal representations within one's own brain.
Understanding the Mirror Mechanism
Based on the provided reference, the core of the "mirror brain" concept lies in the mirror mechanism. This is described as:
"...a basic brain mechanism that transforms sensory representations of others' behaviour into one's own motor or visceromotor representations concerning that behaviour." (Source: 20-Oct-2016 Reference)
In simpler terms, when you see someone perform an action, like picking up a cup, the mirror mechanism in your brain creates a representation of you performing that same action, even if you aren't actually moving. Similarly, when you see someone express an emotion, like sadness, this mechanism can activate internal states related to sadness within you.
Key Functions
The location of this mechanism in the brain allows it to support various cognitive functions. Two primary functions highlighted are:
- Action Understanding: By mirroring someone's actions, your brain can simulate their behaviour internally. This simulation helps you understand what they are doing and potentially why they are doing it.
- Example: Watching a dancer perform a complex move activates similar motor regions in your brain, helping you understand the movement sequence.
- Emotion Understanding (Empathy): The mechanism extends to visceromotor representations (related to internal bodily states and feelings). Mirroring another person's emotional expression can trigger corresponding feeling states in yourself, contributing to empathy.
- Example: Seeing someone wince in pain can activate pain-related areas in your own brain, allowing you to better understand or feel their discomfort.
The "Mirror Brain" vs. Mirror Neurons
While the term "mirror brain" is often used to encompass this system, the specific neural components are commonly referred to as mirror neurons. These are neurons that fire both when an individual performs an action and when they observe someone else performing the same action. They are considered the cellular basis for the broader mirror mechanism.
Applications and Relevance
The mirror mechanism is thought to play a crucial role in various aspects of social cognition and learning, including:
- Learning by imitation
- Developing language skills
- Understanding intentions
- Building social connections
In essence, the "mirror brain" system, driven by the mirror mechanism, acts as a bridge between observing others and internally simulating their experiences, which is fundamental for social interaction and understanding the world around us.