How to Confirm a Miscarriage?

A miscarriage is usually confirmed through a combination of tests and physical examinations. The most common methods include:

• Ultrasound: This is often the first and most crucial test. An ultrasound uses sound waves to create an image of the uterus, allowing healthcare professionals to visualize the fetus and check for a heartbeat. The absence of a fetal heartbeat, or the presence of an empty gestational sac, strongly suggests a miscarriage. (Source: NHS, Mayo Clinic, Cleveland Clinic, WebMD, HSE.ie, PregnancyBirthBaby, Royal Women's Hospital)

• Blood Tests: These measure the levels of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), a hormone produced during pregnancy. Falling or low hCG levels, especially in combination with other symptoms, can indicate a miscarriage. (Source: Mayo Clinic, Yale Medicine)

• Pelvic Exam: A physical examination of the cervix may be performed to assess for dilation, which can be a sign of a miscarriage. (Source: WebMD, Mayo Clinic)

• Tissue Tests (if applicable): If tissue is passed, it may be analyzed to determine the cause of the miscarriage and rule out other conditions. (Source: Mayo Clinic)

• Chromosomal Tests (if applicable): In some cases, chromosomal testing may be done on the fetal tissue to identify potential genetic abnormalities that caused the miscarriage. This is usually done if there have been multiple miscarriages or other reasons for concern. (Source: Mayo Clinic)

Understanding the Process

The specific tests used will vary depending on the individual's circumstances, gestational age, and the severity of symptoms. For example, a woman under 12 weeks pregnant might have her ultrasound scan at an early pregnancy assessment unit (EPAU). Your doctor or hospital will guide you through the appropriate steps. (Source: HSE.ie) It's important to remember that a healthcare professional will be able to provide an accurate diagnosis and appropriate support.