mDNA most commonly refers to mitochondrial DNA. This is the DNA located within the mitochondria, the powerhouses of our cells. Mitochondria are responsible for generating the energy our cells need to function. Crucially, we inherit mitochondrial DNA solely from our mothers.
Understanding Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)
- Location: Found within the mitochondria, organelles residing in the cell's cytoplasm.
- Function: Essential for energy production and other metabolic processes within the cell.
- Inheritance: Inherited maternally; offspring receive mtDNA exclusively from their mother.
- Structure: Unlike nuclear DNA, mtDNA is circular.
Multiple sources confirm this definition: The Genome.gov glossary and the Wikipedia entry on Mitochondrial DNA both clearly state that mtDNA, or mDNA, is the DNA found within mitochondria. Studies like "Mitochondrial DNA m.3243A > G heteroplasmy affects multiple ..." further highlight the importance of mtDNA in various biological functions and its role in certain medical conditions.
While some references use "mDNA" in different contexts (like Illumina's use of "m" in their DNA Prep kits referring to a specific sequencing method), the most common and widely accepted meaning of mDNA is mitochondrial DNA.