DNA works by storing and transmitting genetic information through a process involving its unique double helix structure and complementary base pairing, allowing for accurate duplication.
Here's a breakdown of how DNA functions:
Structure of DNA
Each DNA molecule exists as a double helix. This structure comprises two strands of nucleotides. These strands are held together by hydrogen bonds. Specifically, guanine (G) pairs with cytosine (C), and adenine (A) pairs with thymine (T). These are called base pairs (G-C and A-T).
DNA Replication and Information Duplication
- Template Mechanism: DNA replication relies on using one strand of DNA as a template.
- Complementary Strand Formation: The template strand guides the formation of a new, complementary strand. According to the given reference, "Duplication of the genetic information occurs by the use of one DNA strand as a template for formation of a complementary strand."
- Accurate Copying: This ensures that the genetic information is copied accurately, preserving the integrity of the genome across generations.
Key Function Summary
| Function | Description |
|---|---|
| Information Storage | DNA stores genetic instructions necessary for the development and function of organisms. |
| Replication | DNA replicates accurately using a template mechanism to produce identical copies for cell division. |
