Yes, a 10-year-old can technically become king or queen, but their power would be significantly limited by a regency.
Here's why:
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Succession Doesn't Depend on Age: The rules of succession determine who inherits the throne. If a 10-year-old is next in line, they become the monarch upon the death or abdication of the previous ruler, regardless of their age.
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The Regency Act: Most monarchies, especially constitutional monarchies, have laws in place to handle situations where the monarch is too young (or incapacitated) to rule effectively. These laws, such as the Regency Acts, typically establish a regency.
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What is a Regency? A regency is a period where a designated regent (usually a close adult relative or a council) governs in the name of the young monarch. The regent exercises the royal functions, meaning they handle the day-to-day responsibilities of the crown, like signing laws, meeting with government officials, and representing the country.
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Limitations on the Young Monarch: While the 10-year-old would be the official monarch, they wouldn't have the power to make decisions independently until they reach a certain age (often 18). The regent makes those decisions on their behalf. The young monarch might still be involved in ceremonial duties and be educated on matters of state, but the real power lies with the regent.
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Example: Historically, there have been many child monarchs who ruled under regencies. The precise powers and limitations vary depending on the specific laws and customs of the monarchy in question.
In summary, while a 10-year-old can legally inherit a throne, they would not be able to rule independently until they reach the age of majority. A regent would govern on their behalf, ensuring the stability and continuity of the monarchy.
