The exact answer is: A dot under a note is called a staccato mark.
Understanding the Staccato Mark in Music
A staccato mark is a fundamental musical articulation symbol that tells a musician how a specific note should be performed. When you see a dot placed directly above or below a note, it indicates that the note should be played in a short, detached, and distinct manner.
This articulation creates a sound that is often described as "jumpy" or separated, providing a clear break between the marked note and the following one.
Staccato vs. Dotted Notes
It is crucial not to confuse a staccato mark with a dot placed after a note. While both involve a "dot," their musical functions are entirely different:
| Symbol | Meaning | Effect on Note |
|---|---|---|
| Dot under/above note | Staccato (articulation mark) | Play short, detached, and separated |
| Dot after note | Dotted Note (rhythmic value modifier) | Extends the note's duration by half its original value |
The staccato mark dictates how a note is played (its articulation), while a dot after a note alters its rhythmic value or length.
Performing Staccato Notes
To achieve the characteristic short and detached sound of a staccato note, musicians employ specific techniques depending on their instrument:
- On piano: A quick, light touch on the key, with the finger lifting immediately after striking.
- On string instruments: A brief, precise bow stroke that is quickly stopped.
- In wind instruments: A crisp, short tongue stroke to articulate the note, followed by immediate cutoff of the air.
- In singing: A brief, separated delivery of the syllable, avoiding any lingering connection to the next note.
Staccato notes add vibrancy, clarity, and often a playful or energetic quality to musical pieces. They are essential for creating dynamic contrast and rhythmic precision in a performance.
