Nails thicken in pads, most commonly, due to repeated trauma to the nail bed. This is not the only reason though.
Causes of Thickening Toenails
| Cause | Explanation |
|---|---|
| Age | As we age, toenails naturally tend to become thicker. |
| Trauma to the nail bed | Repeated minor injuries, like stubbing your toe, general wear and tear, or even surgery, can cause the nail to thicken over time. This is due to the nail matrix (where the nail grows) responding to these stresses. |
| Diabetes | Poor blood circulation or peripheral neuropathy (nerve damage) caused by diabetes can lead to thickened toenails. |
| Peripheral heart disease & High Blood Pressure | These conditions can affect blood flow, contributing to nail thickening. |
How Trauma Leads to Thickening
- Repeated Impact: Every time a toe hits the end of a shoe, it can cause minor trauma. Over time, the body might respond by increasing nail production as a protective mechanism.
- Subtle Injuries: Not all trauma is acute. Continuous pressure on the nail, for example from ill-fitting shoes, can also lead to nail thickening over time.
- Nail Matrix Response: The nail matrix, the area of skin at the base of the nail, is responsible for growing new nail. When it experiences trauma, it may overcompensate by producing more nail cells, resulting in a thicker nail.
Other Contributing Factors
- Poor Circulation: When blood flow is compromised, it can affect the nail's health and growth, potentially causing thickening.
- Underlying Health Conditions: As indicated, conditions like diabetes, peripheral heart disease, and high blood pressure can impair circulation and contribute to nail thickening.
Solutions
While we can't stop all nail thickening, we can help mitigate it:
- Proper Footwear: Wear shoes that fit well, with enough room in the toe box, to minimize the risk of trauma.
- Foot Care: Regularly trim your nails straight across, avoiding cutting into the corners.
- Medical Advice: Consult a healthcare provider if you suspect an underlying medical condition is contributing to the problem. They can provide specific guidance and treatment.
It's important to note that while this primarily discusses toenails, fingernails can also thicken, though less common, due to the same reasons.
