The Celilo Falls area is historically and presently home to several Native American tribes, primarily the Yakama Nation and the Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs. Other tribes, such as the Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation and the Nez Perce Tribe, also have a presence there.
Historical and Contemporary Tribal Presence at Celilo Falls
Celilo Falls, a significant cultural and economic hub for Native Americans in the Pacific Northwest for thousands of years, was historically a prime fishing site on the Columbia River. Despite the inundation of the falls by the construction of The Dalles Dam in 1957, the area continues to be a vital place for these communities. Celilo Village, located near the former falls, remains a central point for tribal members.
The primary tribal affiliations of residents in Celilo Village and those with strong ties to the Celilo Falls area include:
- Yakama Nation: A confederation of several Plateau peoples, the Yakama Nation has long held traditional fishing rights and cultural ties to the Columbia River, including Celilo Falls.
- Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs: Comprising the Wasco, Warm Springs, and Paiute tribes, this confederation also shares deep historical connections and fishing rights at Celilo.
- Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation: This confederation includes the Cayuse, Umatilla, and Walla Walla tribes, who have also historically utilized the resources of the Columbia River, including Celilo Falls.
- Nez Perce Tribe: Known for their historical range across the interior Pacific Northwest, the Nez Perce also had established fishing grounds and cultural sites along the Columbia River, extending to areas like Celilo.
These tribes continue to exercise their treaty-reserved rights, including fishing, in the vicinity of the former falls, preserving their cultural heritage and connection to this sacred site.
Overview of Tribes Connected to Celilo Falls
To better understand the distinct presence of these tribes, refer to the table below:
| Tribe Name | Primary Connection to Celilo Falls |
|---|---|
| Yakama Nation | Most residents of Celilo Village are members; historical and current fishing rights, strong cultural ties. |
| Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs | Many residents are members; significant historical and ongoing presence, key fishing rights on the Columbia River. |
| Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation | Some members have connections and historical ties to the area; participated in traditional fishing and resource gathering. |
| Nez Perce Tribe | Some members have ties to the area; historical use of Columbia River resources and significant cultural heritage in the region. |
The enduring presence of these tribes underscores the profound cultural and historical significance of Celilo Falls, not just as a landmark, but as a living site of Indigenous heritage.
