Many Native people prefer to be called by their specific tribal name whenever possible, reflecting their unique heritage and identity.
Understanding Preferred Terminology
When referring to Native individuals or groups, the most respectful and accurate approach is to use their specific tribal name. For example, instead of a general term, one would say "Cherokee," "Navajo" (Diné), "Sioux" (Lakota, Dakota, Nakota), or "Hopi." This acknowledges the immense diversity among Indigenous peoples, who comprise hundreds of distinct nations, cultures, and languages across North America.
Commonly Used and Evolving Terms
In the United States, several terms have been used over time, and preferences can vary significantly among individuals and communities.
- Native American: While widely used historically, this term is falling out of favor with some groups. It was introduced to replace "American Indian" but is seen by some as a broad generalization that can obscure unique tribal identities.
- American Indian: Despite the historical context, many Native people still prefer or accept "American Indian," recognizing its long-standing use within their communities and legal frameworks.
- Indigenous American: This term is gaining traction and is preferred by many as a broader, more inclusive term that acknowledges Indigenous peoples globally, while still specifying their American context.
- Indigenous Peoples or First Nations (in Canada): These terms are also widely accepted, especially when referring to a broader, global context of aboriginal populations.
Key Considerations for Respectful Language
To ensure respectful and appropriate communication:
- Prioritize Tribal Names: Always try to learn and use the specific tribal affiliation (e.g., "She is a member of the Oglala Lakota Nation").
- Ask When Unsure: If you are speaking directly to an individual and are unsure of their preferred term, politely ask what they prefer to be called. This demonstrates respect for their personal preference.
- Acknowledge Diversity: Recognize that there is no single universally preferred term across all Native communities, and individual preferences can vary widely.
Summary of Preferred Terms
| Preference Level | Term(s) | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Most Preferred | Specific Tribal Name | E.g., Cherokee, Navajo (Diné), Lakota, Ojibwe. |
| Preferred by Many | American Indian, Indigenous American | Widely accepted alternatives when the tribal name is unknown or not applicable. |
| Widely Used but Declining | Native American | Some groups find it too generalized or prefer alternatives. |
