Scalenes refer to a group of three pairs of muscles located in the lateral (side) part of the neck. These muscles play a role in neck movement and respiration.
Based on anatomical description, the primary muscles in this group are:
- Scalenus Anterior
- Scalenus Medius
- Scalenus Posterior
These three muscles are present on both the left and right sides of the neck, forming the "three pairs" mentioned in the definition.
In some individuals, a fourth muscle, known as the Scalenus Minimus (or Scalenus Pleuralis), may also be present. This muscle is typically found situated behind the lower section of the Scalenus Anterior.
Key Characteristics:
- Location: Lateral aspect of the neck.
- Number: Typically three pairs (Anterior, Medius, Posterior).
- Variation: Scalenus Minimus may be present.
- Function: Contribute to neck flexion, lateral flexion, and elevation of the first two ribs (important for breathing).
Here's a quick overview of the main scalene muscles:
| Muscle | Location | Typical Function Contribution |
|---|---|---|
| Scalenus Anterior | Front of the group | Neck flexion, lateral flexion, elevates first rib. |
| Scalenus Medius | Middle of the group, largest | Neck lateral flexion, elevates first rib. |
| Scalenus Posterior | Back of the group, smallest & deepest | Neck lateral flexion, elevates second rib. |
| Scalenus Minimus | Behind lower Scalenus Anterior (when present) | Elevates first rib, may separate structures passing through area. |
Understanding the scalene muscles is important in anatomy, physical therapy, and fields related to the musculoskeletal and respiratory systems.
