The Malla dynasty was defeated and overthrown by the Gurkha ruler Prithvi Narayan Shah in 1769.
The Decline of the Malla Dynasty
In the early 18th century, the Malla dynasty, which had long held sway over various independent principalities in Nepal, found itself in a weakened state. This decline was primarily due to internal factors:
- Familial Dissension: Internal conflicts and disputes within the Malla ruling family significantly eroded their power and unity.
- Social and Economic Discontent: Widespread dissatisfaction among the populace, stemming from social and economic grievances, further destabilized their rule.
These internal weaknesses made the Malla kingdom vulnerable to external challenges.
The Rise of the Gurkhas
Concurrent with the Mallas' decline, the independent principality of Gurkha began to assert its power. Situated in the western hills of Nepal, the Gurkhas harbored ambitions of expansion and unification. Their military strength and organized leadership stood in stark contrast to the Mallas' fragmented control.
Key Players and Outcome:
| Entity/Figure | Role | Significance |
|---|---|---|
| Malla Dynasty | Ruling power in various Nepalese principalities | Overthrown; marked the end of their significant influence |
| Gurkha Principality | Emerging power in early 18th-century Nepal | Initiated the challenge against the Mallas |
| Prithvi Narayan Shah | Ruler of Gurkha | Successfully defeated the Mallas and unified many principalities |
The Unification by Prithvi Narayan Shah
Prithvi Narayan Shah, the ambitious and strategic ruler of the Gurkha principality, capitalized on the Mallas' vulnerabilities. He initiated a campaign of conquest aimed at unifying the numerous small kingdoms and principalities into a single, cohesive state. His persistent efforts culminated in the decisive defeat of the Malla rulers.
The year 1769 marked the end of the Malla era in Nepal as Prithvi Narayan Shah successfully overthrew them, paving the way for the formation of modern Nepal under the Gurkha (later Shah) dynasty. This event is considered a pivotal moment in Nepalese history, leading to the country's unification.
