Radioiodine is primarily used to treat hyperthyroidism and thyroid cancer.
Here's a more detailed explanation:
Radioiodine, also known as iodine-131 (I-131), is a radioactive isotope of iodine. Because the thyroid gland is the only part of the body that actively absorbs iodine, radioiodine therapy delivers radiation directly to thyroid cells, minimizing exposure to other tissues.
Uses of Radioiodine:
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Treatment of Hyperthyroidism: Hyperthyroidism is a condition where the thyroid gland produces too much thyroid hormone. Radioiodine treats this condition by:
- Destroying overactive thyroid cells.
- Shrinking an enlarged thyroid gland (goiter).
This process ultimately reduces the amount of thyroid hormone produced, restoring normal thyroid function.
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Treatment of Thyroid Cancer: Radioiodine is a common treatment for certain types of thyroid cancer, particularly papillary and follicular thyroid cancer. It's used after surgery to:
- Destroy any remaining thyroid tissue in the neck.
- Eliminate thyroid cancer cells that may have spread to other parts of the body.
How Radioiodine Therapy Works:
- Administration: Radioiodine is usually administered orally, in the form of a capsule or liquid.
- Absorption: The iodine is absorbed into the bloodstream and concentrated in the thyroid gland.
- Radiation: The radioactive iodine emits radiation that destroys thyroid cells.
- Elimination: Excess radioiodine is eliminated from the body through urine and stool.
Benefits of Radioiodine Therapy:
- Effective Treatment: Radioiodine therapy is a highly effective treatment for hyperthyroidism and thyroid cancer.
- Non-Surgical: It offers a non-surgical alternative for managing these conditions.
- Targeted Therapy: It specifically targets thyroid cells, minimizing damage to other tissues.
Considerations:
- Side Effects: Side effects can include dry mouth, sore throat, and changes in taste. In some cases, it can lead to hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid), which requires thyroid hormone replacement therapy.
- Radiation Safety: Patients receiving radioiodine therapy need to follow specific radiation safety precautions to minimize radiation exposure to others.
In summary, radioiodine provides a targeted and effective treatment option for both hyperthyroidism and thyroid cancer by selectively destroying thyroid cells.
