The G and P in the context of pregnancy refer to gravidity (G) and parity (P), two terms used to describe a woman's obstetric history.
Understanding Gravidity (G) and Parity (P)
In medical contexts, particularly in obstetrics, understanding gravidity and parity is crucial for documenting a woman’s reproductive history. These terms provide a quick snapshot of the number of pregnancies and their outcomes. Here’s a more detailed breakdown:
According to the provided reference, gravidity is the number of times a female has been pregnant. Parity, on the other hand, is the number of times a female has carried pregnancies to a viable gestational age.
Gravidity (G) Explained
Gravidity refers to the total number of times a woman has been pregnant, regardless of the outcome of those pregnancies. This includes:
- Current pregnancies
- Miscarriages
- Abortions
- Ectopic pregnancies
- Live births
- Stillbirths
For example:
- A woman who is currently pregnant for the first time would have a gravidity of G1.
- A woman who has had one miscarriage and is currently pregnant would have a gravidity of G2.
- A woman who has had two children, one miscarriage and is now pregnant again, would have a gravidity of G4.
Parity (P) Explained
Parity, on the other hand, refers to the number of pregnancies that have resulted in a delivery past a specific gestational age, typically the point of viability (usually considered around 20-24 weeks gestation). This includes both live births and stillbirths. It's important to note that multiple births from a single pregnancy (twins, triplets, etc) count as a single parity event.
For example:
- A woman who has never delivered would have a parity of P0.
- A woman who has had one pregnancy that resulted in a live birth would have a parity of P1.
- A woman who has had two pregnancies that resulted in two live births and one miscarriage would have a parity of P2.
G and P Coupled: Examples
Typically, gravidity and parity are used together to give a clearer picture of a woman's obstetrical history. This is often represented as G#P#.
| Scenario | Gravidity (G) | Parity (P) | Explanation |
|---|---|---|---|
| First pregnancy, no deliveries | G1 | P0 | Woman is currently pregnant for the first time. |
| Two previous deliveries and current pregnancy | G3 | P2 | Woman has had two pregnancies that resulted in delivery (live or stillbirth) and is currently pregnant. |
| One miscarriage, one delivery | G2 | P1 | Woman has had one delivery and one pregnancy that didn't reach viability. |
| Two miscarriages, one delivery, current pregnancy | G4 | P1 | Woman has had one delivery, two miscarriages and is currently pregnant. |
Additional Details
Sometimes, additional details are included after the parity number. These details might indicate the number of:
- Term births (T) - full term pregnancies, usually 37 weeks or more
- Preterm births (P) - births before 37 weeks
- Abortions (A) - including miscarriages and induced abortions
- Living children (L)
For example, G4P2102 would indicate a woman has had four pregnancies, two term deliveries, one preterm delivery, no abortions and 2 living children.
