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How do wires move teeth?

Published in Orthodontic Treatment 1 min read

Wires move teeth by applying pressure that triggers bone remodeling.

The process of moving teeth with wires during orthodontic treatment is a carefully orchestrated biological phenomenon. Here's a detailed breakdown:

  • Archwire Pressure: The core mechanism involves the archwire, which applies a gentle, consistent force to the teeth. According to provided information, the pressure exerted by the archwire is key to tooth movement.

  • Bone Remodeling: This sustained pressure initiates a process called bone remodeling.

    • On the side of the tooth receiving the pressure, bone cells called osteoclasts are stimulated to break down the existing bone structure. This process is known as bone resorption.
    • On the opposite side of the tooth, where tension is created, bone cells called osteoblasts are activated. These cells build new bone to support the tooth in its new position.
Process Cell Type Action Location
Bone Resorption Osteoclasts Breaks down existing bone structure Side receiving pressure
Bone Formation Osteoblasts Builds new bone to support tooth Side experiencing tension

In essence, the wire doesn't force the tooth through the bone. Instead, it stimulates the body's natural bone remodeling process to gently guide the tooth into the desired position.