The dial test of the hip, also known as the Log Roll Test, involves rotating the hip internally and assessing its passive external rotation.
This test is performed to assess for hip instability or capsular laxity, which may indicate underlying pathology. The examiner internally rotates the hip by turning the foot and then releases the leg, allowing it to passively externally rotate. A positive test is indicated when the angle between the foot and the table in the axial plane is less than 20 degrees.
Here's a breakdown of the procedure and interpretation:
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Procedure:
- The patient lies supine (on their back).
- The examiner grasps the patient's leg and internally rotates the hip by turning the foot inward.
- The examiner releases the leg, allowing it to passively externally rotate.
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Positive Test:
- The angle of external rotation is less than 20 degrees between the foot and the table in the axial plane.
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Interpretation:
- A positive test suggests hip instability, capsular laxity, or ligamentous injury. It can be associated with conditions like hip dysplasia or ligamentous laxity.
In essence, the dial test assesses the amount of external rotation present at the hip joint, revealing potential instability or pathology if there is significantly reduced external rotation.
