Oxygen is commonly stored in two primary forms: gaseous and liquid. The choice depends on factors such as volume needed, cost, and application.
Gaseous Oxygen Storage
Gaseous oxygen is stored in various containers, including:
- Cylinders: These are high-pressure tanks commonly found in hospitals, industrial settings, and for medical use in aircraft. Regulations concerning cylinder storage often depend on the volume of gas contained, with larger volumes requiring more stringent safety measures. [Source: HFM Magazine]
- Bulk Storage Tanks: Large-scale facilities, such as hospitals, often use massive outdoor tanks for storing oxygen in bulk. This method offers cost-effectiveness for high-volume needs. A delivery system transports the oxygen from the tank to different areas of the facility. [Source: US EPA]
Liquid Oxygen Storage
Liquid oxygen (LOX) takes up much less space than gaseous oxygen, making it more efficient for large-scale storage.
- Cryogenic Tanks: These specialized tanks maintain extremely low temperatures to keep oxygen in its liquid state. A typical system includes a cryogenic tank, vaporizers (to convert liquid to gas), and a pressure control system. [Source: MIT EHS, FAA]
- Transportation: Liquid oxygen is often transported in large tankers before storage in facilities. [Source: TBIJ]
Other Storage Methods
While less common, oxygen can be stored in other forms:
- Air: The atmosphere provides a readily available source of oxygen, comprising about 20.8% oxygen. This is sufficient for many applications. [Source: Wikipedia]
- Condensed Matter: Research explores novel methods, such as storing oxygen within a crystalline lattice structure. [Source: Nature]
Regardless of the storage method, safety precautions are crucial due to oxygen's role in combustion. Regulations exist regarding location and handling to prevent hazards. [Source: OSHA, California Code of Regulations, Harvard EHS]
