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What is a PP Cell?

Published in Pancreatic Cell 2 mins read

A PP cell, also known as a pancreatic polypeptide cell, is a type of cell located within the pancreatic islets (Islets of Langerhans) of the pancreas. These cells are crucial for the synthesis and regulated release of pancreatic polypeptide (PP). Historically, they were also referred to as gamma cells (γ-cells) or F cells.

The Role of PP Cells

PP cells play a vital role in the body's digestive system. They secrete pancreatic polypeptide, a hormone that:

  • Inhibits gastrointestinal movement: This helps regulate the rate at which food moves through the digestive tract.
  • Inhibits pancreatic secretion: This controls the release of digestive enzymes from the pancreas.
  • Inhibits gallbladder contraction: This manages the release of bile into the small intestine.

PP Cells in Pancreatic Islet Architecture

PP cells are not just isolated units; they are integral components of the pancreatic islet architecture and participate in intercellular communication with other islet cell types, such as alpha (α) and delta (δ) cells. This interaction is essential for maintaining proper endocrine function. Studies have shown that manipulating factors like Arx expression can even lead to the conversion of other pancreatic cells, such as beta (β) cells, into PP-producing cells.

Further Details on PP Cell Identification

Specific markers, such as PAX4, are used to identify PP cells during development. PAX4 expression peaks around embryonic days 13 to 15 in mice, coinciding with a crucial stage in pancreatic cell differentiation.