What is Paraplegia?

Paraplegia is paralysis that affects the lower half of the body, typically including the legs and often the trunk. This loss of voluntary movement can result from various causes, most commonly spinal cord injuries.

Paraplegia signifies the inability to move the lower part of the body, encompassing the legs, feet, toes, and potentially the abdomen. This impairment of mobility is primarily a consequence of damage to the spinal cord. While injury is a frequent cause, other factors can also contribute.

Causes of Paraplegia

Several factors can lead to paraplegia:

• Spinal Cord Injuries: This is the most common cause, resulting from trauma, accidents, or diseases affecting the spinal cord.
• Infections: Certain infections can damage the spinal cord, leading to paralysis.
• Birth Defects: Congenital conditions can sometimes affect spinal cord development.
• Tumors: Spinal tumors can compress or damage the spinal cord.
• Other Neurological Conditions: Diseases such as multiple sclerosis can affect the spinal cord and cause paraplegia.

Symptoms of Paraplegia

The hallmark symptom is the loss of voluntary movement in the legs and lower body. This can range from partial weakness (paresis) to complete paralysis. Other symptoms can include:

• Loss of sensation
• Bowel and bladder dysfunction
• Pain
• Spasticity (muscle stiffness)

Treatment of Paraplegia

Treatment focuses on managing symptoms and improving quality of life. Options include:

• Physical Therapy: To maintain muscle strength and range of motion.
• Occupational Therapy: To adapt daily activities and promote independence.
• Medication: To manage pain, spasticity, and bladder/bowel dysfunction.
• Surgery: In some cases, surgical intervention might be necessary.

Many individuals with paraplegia lead fulfilling lives with appropriate support and rehabilitation. The level of recovery varies depending on the cause and extent of spinal cord damage.