Yes, pearls can be broken or damaged, though they are generally quite durable.
While pearls are not as fragile as something like glass, they are susceptible to damage under certain conditions. Unlike harder gemstones, pearls are organic and relatively soft compared to many minerals on the Mohs hardness scale (pearls typically range from 2.5 to 4.5). This means they can be scratched by harder materials. More significantly, they can also develop internal damage.
How Can Pearls Break or Get Damaged?
Several factors can lead to damage or breakage in pearls:
- Impact: A hard impact can cause a pearl to chip, crack, or even shatter. Dropping pearl jewelry onto a hard surface is a common way this can happen.
- Chemicals: Pearls are sensitive to chemicals, including acids, perfumes, hairspray, and even sweat. Exposure can dull their luster or damage the nacre layers over time, making them more brittle.
- Dryness: As highlighted in the reference: The same ultra-dry atmospheric conditions that extend the life of paper documents may dry out your pearls and cause them to craze--to develop small fractures in the surface. Extremely dry environments can desiccate the organic materials within the pearl, leading to tiny surface cracks known as "crazing." While not a complete "break," crazing is a form of structural damage that affects the pearl's appearance and integrity.
- Abrasion: Constant rubbing against other jewelry items or rough surfaces can wear down the nacre layer.
Protecting Your Pearls
To prevent pearls from breaking or becoming damaged:
- Store pearls separately from other jewelry to avoid scratches. A soft cloth pouch or lined jewelry box is ideal.
- Avoid exposing pearls to harsh chemicals, including household cleaners, cosmetics, and perfumes. Put your pearls on after applying makeup and hairspray.
- Wipe pearls gently with a soft, damp cloth after wearing them to remove sweat and cosmetic residue.
- Avoid storing pearls in excessively dry or hot environments.
- Handle pearl jewelry with care to prevent drops and impacts.
By understanding the vulnerabilities of pearls, particularly their susceptibility to dryness and chemicals as well as physical impact, you can take steps to ensure they remain beautiful and intact for years to come.
