Why Do Kids Toe Walk?
Children toe walk for a variety of reasons, ranging from normal developmental phases to underlying medical conditions. While many toddlers briefly exhibit toe walking as they learn to walk, persistent toe walking beyond the toddler years often requires investigation.
- Normal Development: Young children may toe walk as they learn to balance and coordinate their movements. This is often temporary and resolves on its own. As noted by Mayo Clinic, "Most children outgrow it." (https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/toe-walking/symptoms-causes/syc-20378410)
- Tight Calf Muscles/Achilles Tendon: Shortened calf muscles or an Achilles tendon can restrict ankle flexibility, leading to toe walking. (https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/toe-walking.html, https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21017-toe-walking) This is a common reason for persistent toe walking. Cleveland Clinic notes that in many cases, "the cause is unknown," classifying it as an idiopathic condition. (https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21017-toe-walking)
- Habit: Older children who continue toe walking may simply have developed the habit. (https://www.orthoinfo.org/en/diseases--conditions/toe-walking/)
- Underlying Neurological Conditions: Toe walking can be a symptom of neurological disorders affecting muscle tone and coordination. One source states that toe walking can be caused by "a disorder of movement, muscle tone or posture caused by injury or abnormal development in the parts of the immature brain that control muscle function." Conditions such as cerebral palsy are associated with toe walking and altered muscle function. (https://www.webmd.com/children/what-to-know-toe-walking) Another source mentions autism and hypersensitivity syndromes as potential contributing factors. (https://www.foundationpodiatry.com.au/conditions/children-s-conditions/toe-walking-in-children/)
When to Seek Medical Attention
While some toe walking is normal, persistent or severe cases warrant a consultation with a pediatrician or specialist. This is especially true if accompanied by other developmental delays or concerns.