The exact location of the "First Cry," a pivotal event that marked the beginning of the Philippine Revolution against Spanish colonial rule, is a subject of historical debate. While there isn't one universally agreed-upon site, two prominent locations and dates are widely discussed among historians: Balintawak and Pugad Lawin.
The Cry of Balintawak
One perspective places the momentous "Cry" in Balintawak on August 26, 1896. This account was popularized by historian Gregorio Zaide, who detailed this event in his books published in 1954. According to this view, the revolutionaries, led by Andrés Bonifacio, tore up their cedulas (community tax certificates) in Balintawak, symbolizing their defiance and break from Spanish authority.
The Cry of Pugad Lawin
A different, widely accepted historical account asserts that the "Cry" took place in Pugad Lawin on August 23, 1896. This particular narrative was strongly advocated by historian Teodoro Agoncillo, whose research in 1956 was heavily influenced by the testimony of Pío Valenzuela, a close associate of Bonifacio and an eyewitness to the event. In this version, the tearing of cedulas occurred at Pugad Lawin, signaling the definitive start of the armed uprising.
Key Points of Historical Contention
The differing accounts regarding the "First Cry" primarily revolve around the specific location and date. Here’s a summary of the main points of distinction:
| Aspect | Cry of Balintawak | Cry of Pugad Lawin |
|---|---|---|
| Location | Balintawak | Pugad Lawin |
| Date | August 26, 1896 | August 23, 1896 |
| Historian | Gregorio Zaide (1954) | Teodoro Agoncillo (1956) |
| Key Source | Various historical records | Pío Valenzuela's testimony |
The Significance of the "First Cry"
Regardless of the precise location or date, the "First Cry" represents a momentous declaration of independence and a unified call for armed revolt. It was the point when the Katipunan, the secret society dedicated to achieving Philippine independence, openly defied Spanish rule, urging Filipinos to rise up and fight for their freedom. This act of tearing up cedulas was a symbolic renunciation of their loyalty to Spain and a public commitment to revolution.
While historical debates persist, both Balintawak and Pugad Lawin are recognized as places of immense historical importance in the narrative of the Philippine struggle for sovereignty. The event underscores the Filipinos' unwavering determination to forge their own nation.
