Hip range of motion is typically measured using a goniometer, a tool that assesses joint angles. The process involves specific positioning and alignment to ensure accurate measurements of various hip movements like flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, internal rotation, and external rotation.
Here’s a breakdown of the general procedure, using hip flexion as an example based on the provided video snippet:
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Patient Positioning: The patient typically lies supine (on their back) for hip flexion measurements. This ensures the pelvis is stable.
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Goniometer Placement:
- Fulcrum: The fulcrum (center point) of the goniometer is placed over the greater trochanter of the femur.
- Stationary Arm: The stationary arm is aligned with the lateral midline of the pelvis, typically pointing towards the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS).
- Moving Arm: The moving arm is aligned with the lateral midline of the femur, pointing towards the lateral epicondyle of the femur.
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Movement: The patient is asked to perform the specific hip movement being measured (e.g., bring their knee up to their chest for flexion).
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Measurement: As the patient moves, the moving arm of the goniometer will move along with the limb. The angle displayed on the goniometer at the end of the movement indicates the range of motion in degrees.
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Documentation: The measurement is carefully recorded, noting the specific movement, the range of motion achieved, and any limitations or pain experienced.
The process is similar for other hip movements, with adjustments to patient positioning and goniometer alignment to match the plane of motion being measured. For example, abduction and adduction are often measured with the patient supine, while internal and external rotation may be measured with the patient sitting or prone.
It's crucial that the person taking the measurement is properly trained to ensure consistent and accurate results.
