The "rat plague," more accurately known as simply plague, is a severe infectious disease caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis. While commonly associated with rats due to their historical role in widespread outbreaks, the disease is primarily transmitted to humans through the bites of infected fleas that have fed on wild rodents.
Understanding the Plague
Plague is a zoonotic disease, meaning it is transmitted between animals and humans. The bacterium Yersinia pestis cycles naturally among wild rodents, with fleas acting as the primary vectors that carry the bacteria from one host to another.
How Plague Spreads to Humans
Humans typically contract plague through specific interactions involving infected animals or their parasites. Understanding these transmission routes is crucial for prevention.
| Mode of Transmission | Description |
|---|---|
| Infected Rodent Flea Bites | This is the most common route. People usually get plague after being bitten by an infected flea that has previously fed on a plague-infected rodent (like rats, squirrels, prairie dogs, etc.). |
| Direct Animal Contact | Handling or having direct contact with infected animals or their carcasses can lead to infection. This includes hunters, trappers, or individuals who come into contact with wild rodents. |
| Exposure to Sick Pets | Domestic pets, especially cats, can become infected with plague. People can become infected through exposure to sick pets, particularly if the pet has a pneumonic form of plague that can be spread via respiratory droplets. |
Although often linked to rats, it's important to remember that a variety of wild rodents serve as natural reservoirs for the bacterium, and fleas are the critical link for transmission to humans. For more information on infectious diseases and public health, visit reputable sources such as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
