How to separate calla lilies?

To separate calla lilies, the most effective method involves dividing established clumps in late winter or early spring as new growth begins to emerge. This process helps propagate new plants and invigorate existing ones.

When to Separate Calla Lilies

The optimal time for separating calla lilies is:

• Late Winter or Early Spring: This period is ideal because the plants are either dormant or just beginning to show signs of new growth, minimizing stress on the plant.
• First Sign of New Growth: Wait until you observe the initial shoots emerging from the ground. This indicates the plant is waking up, and the rhizomes are active.

Step-by-Step Guide to Separating Calla Lilies

Separating calla lilies, whether for propagation or to thin out an overcrowded bed, is a straightforward process.

1. Preparation

Before you begin, gather the necessary tools and prepare the new planting sites.

• Tools You'll Need:
  • Sharp spade or garden fork
  • Pruning shears or a sharp knife (sterilized)
  • Gloves
  • Watering can or hose
  • Compost or well-rotted organic matter
• Prepare New Sites: Calla lilies thrive in well-draining soil with plenty of organic matter. Choose a location that receives full sun to partial shade, depending on your climate (more shade in hotter regions). Amend the soil with compost to improve fertility and drainage.

2. Digging and Division

This is where the separation happens.

• Locate the Clump: Identify the established clump of calla lilies you wish to separate.
• Driving the Spade: Carefully drive a sharp spade between sections of the plant, effectively chopping them apart. Aim to cut through the rhizome (the thick, underground stem) to create distinct sections, each with some roots and developing shoots.
• Lift Sections: Gently pry and lift the sections you want to move from the ground. Be careful not to damage too many roots.
• Inspect and Clean: Once lifted, gently shake off excess soil. Inspect the rhizomes for any signs of rot or disease and trim away any unhealthy parts using sterilized pruning shears or a knife. Each division should ideally have at least one "eye" (a growth bud) or a developing shoot.

3. Replanting Immediately

Prompt replanting is crucial for successful establishment.

• Planting Depth: Plant the separated rhizome sections at the same depth they were previously growing, typically with the top of the rhizome just below the soil surface (about 3-6 inches deep, depending on the rhizome size).
• Spacing: Ensure adequate spacing between the newly planted sections (e.g., 12-18 inches apart) to allow for future growth and air circulation.
• Watering: After planting, water thoroughly to settle the soil around the rhizomes and provide initial moisture.

4. Post-Separation Care

Proper care after separation helps the new plants establish quickly.

• Moisture: Keep the soil consistently moist, especially during the first few weeks after replanting, but avoid waterlogging.
• Mulching: Apply a layer of organic mulch around the plants to help retain soil moisture and regulate temperature.
• Fertilization: Once new growth is well underway, you can apply a balanced, slow-release fertilizer or a liquid feed formulated for flowering plants.

Why Separate Calla Lilies?

Separating calla lilies offers several benefits:

• Propagation: It's an easy and effective way to create more calla lily plants from existing ones.
• Improved Plant Health: Overcrowded clumps can compete for nutrients and water, leading to reduced vigor and fewer blooms. Division alleviates this congestion.
• Enhanced Blooming: By providing more space and resources, separated plants often produce more abundant and larger flowers.
• Rejuvenation: Older, less productive clumps can be revitalized through division, encouraging new, healthy growth.

Summary Table: Calla Lily Separation Best Practices

For more detailed information on general plant care and soil amendments, consult reputable gardening resources like the Royal Horticultural Society or your local extension office.