Plant bracts are modified leaves associated with reproductive structures like flowers or cones. They're often specialized in shape, color, or texture, differing from the plant's regular leaves.
Understanding Bracts
A bract is essentially a leaf that has adapted to play a supporting role in the plant's reproductive process. Instead of focusing on photosynthesis like typical leaves, bracts often serve functions such as:
- Attracting pollinators: Brightly colored bracts, like those found in poinsettias (where the colorful parts are bracts, not petals), can attract insects and birds to aid pollination.
- Protecting developing flowers or fruits: Some bracts enclose developing flower buds, providing physical protection.
- Providing support: In some species, bracts provide structural support to the flower or inflorescence.
Examples of Bracts
Many plants showcase bracts in diverse ways:
- Poinsettias ( Euphorbia pulcherrima): The vibrant red, white, or pink "petals" are actually bracts surrounding small, inconspicuous yellow flowers.
- Dogwood (Cornus species): The large, showy "petals" of dogwood flowers are also bracts, surrounding small, clustered flowers.
- Hay rattle (Rhinanthus minor): The entire leafy structure around the flowers consists of bracts.
Distinguishing Bracts from Leaves
While bracts are modified leaves, key differences help distinguish them:
- Location: Bracts are situated near reproductive structures, whereas leaves are typically on the stem along the vegetative growth.
- Function: Bracts primarily assist reproduction, while leaves focus on photosynthesis.
- Morphology: Bracts can have significantly different shapes, sizes, and colors compared to typical leaves of the same plant.
As stated in the provided reference: "In botany, a bract is a modified or specialized leaf, especially one associated with a reproductive structure such as a flower, inflorescence axis, or cone scale." This definition perfectly encapsulates the essence of what constitutes a plant bract.
