The history of synthetic seeds traces back to the initial concept introduced by Murashige, followed by key developments in their production and encapsulation.
Early Concepts and Development
The idea of creating artificial seeds, which could potentially simplify plant propagation, was first conceptualized by Murashige. This foundational concept laid the groundwork for future research and development in the field.
While Murashige introduced the concept, the first practical production of desiccated artificial seeds was achieved by Kitto and Janick. They successfully created these artificial seeds using carrot somatic embryos. Desiccation allows seeds to tolerate drying, a crucial characteristic for storage and handling.
The Advent of True Synthetic Seeds
A major milestone in the history of synthetic seeds occurred in 1984 when Redenbaugh et al produced what are considered the first true artificial or synthetic seeds. Their groundbreaking work involved encapsulating somatic embryos of alfalfa within a hydrogel matrix, specifically sodium alginate. This encapsulation protected the somatic embryos and provided a structure resembling a natural seed coat.
Key Milestones in Synthetic Seed History
- Concept Introduction: Murashige
- First Desiccated Artificial Seeds: Kitto and Janick (using carrot)
- First True Encapsulated Synthetic Seeds: Redenbaugh et al in 1984 (using alfalfa and sodium alginate)
This progression highlights the evolution from the theoretical concept to the practical production of encapsulated structures capable of germinating into plants, marking the true beginning of synthetic seed technology as it is known today.
