The primary difference between a pomegranate tree and a pomegranate bush lies in their form and how they are cultivated. Pomegranates naturally grow as a multi-stemmed, bushy shrub, but they can be trained and pruned to grow into a single-trunk small tree.
Understanding Pomegranate Growth Habits
Pomegranates (Punica granatum) are incredibly versatile plants that adapt well to various growing conditions. By nature, these plants tend to grow as bushy shrubs, characterized by multiple suckers emerging from the base, creating a dense, rounded form. This natural habit often results in a plant wider than it is tall, with numerous stems contributing to its overall bushy appearance.
However, with intentional pruning and training, these same plants can be transformed into small trees. This involves selecting one or a few strong central leaders to form a trunk and regularly removing basal suckers and lower branches. This training allows the plant to grow taller and develop a more defined tree-like structure, often reaching heights of 12 to 15 feet.
Key Differences Summarized
While genetically the same plant, the distinction between a pomegranate bush and a pomegranate tree is primarily horticultural, driven by cultivation practices.
| Feature | Pomegranate Bush | Pomegranate Tree |
|---|---|---|
| Natural Form | Grows naturally as a multi-stemmed, bushy shrub | Trained from a shrub form into a single-trunk tree |
| Typical Height | Generally shorter and wider, around 6-10 feet | Taller, often reaching 12-15 feet high when trained |
| Growth Habit | Multiple suckers emerge from the base, creating a dense, rounded form | One to a few main trunks are maintained, with lower branches removed |
| Pruning Needs | Less intensive for natural shape; can be hedged | Regular removal of suckers and lower branches to maintain tree shape |
Longevity and Maintenance
Regardless of whether a pomegranate is grown as a bush or trained as a tree, these plants are remarkably resilient and long-lived. While their vigor might begin to decline after about 15 years, they have an impressive ability to regenerate. New suckers readily grow from the base, allowing the plant to renew itself. This characteristic contributes to their exceptional longevity, with some pomegranate plants known to survive for over 200 years.
For those looking to establish a pomegranate tree, consistent pruning in the early years is crucial to encourage a strong central leader and remove any competing suckers. Conversely, if a bush form is desired, minimal pruning is needed beyond shaping and removing dead or diseased wood. More information on cultivating pomegranates can be found through university extension services. For example, the Utah State University Extension provides resources on growing pomegranates in various climates, detailing their adaptability and care requirements.
