Infectious bursal disease (IBD), commonly known as Gumboro disease, is a highly contagious viral infection primarily affecting young chickens.
This disease is caused by a virus belonging to the genus Avibirnavirus within the family Birnaviridae. While various avian species, including turkeys, ducks, guinea fowl, pheasants, and ostriches, can become infected with the virus, the clinical form of the disease—meaning the illness with observable symptoms—is exclusively seen in chickens.
Key Characteristics of IBD
Understanding IBD involves recognizing its primary characteristics:
- Nomenclature:
- Official Name: Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD)
- Common Name: Gumboro disease
- Causative Agent:
- Virus Genus: Avibirnavirus
- Virus Family: Birnaviridae
- The virus targets and damages the bursa of Fabricius, a critical immune organ in birds, leading to immunosuppression.
- Affected Species:
- Clinically Affected: Chickens (they are the only species that show overt signs of illness).
- Susceptible to Infection (without clinical disease): Turkeys, ducks, guinea fowl, pheasants, and ostriches.
Summary Table: Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD) at a Glance
For a quick overview of the key facts about Infectious Bursal Disease, refer to the table below:
| Feature | Description |
|---|---|
| Common Name | Gumboro disease |
| Causative Agent | Virus from the Avibirnavirus genus (Family: Birnaviridae) |
| Primary Host | Chickens (solely where clinical disease occurs) |
| Other Susceptible Species | Turkeys, ducks, guinea fowl, pheasants, ostriches (can be infected but do not show clinical signs) |
| Impact | Primarily affects the immune system, leading to immunosuppression in chickens. |
For more detailed information on animal diseases, you can consult reputable sources such as the World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH).
