The FTS (First Trimester Screening) test is a prenatal screening test conducted during the first trimester of pregnancy to assess the risk of certain chromosomal abnormalities in the fetus. It involves two parts:
Components of the FTS Test
The FTS test combines two key assessments:
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Blood Test:
- A blood sample is taken, usually via a finger prick or a regular blood draw.
- This blood test measures the levels of two specific proteins in the mother's blood.
- Abnormal levels of these proteins may indicate a higher risk of chromosomal abnormalities in the baby.
-
Ultrasound Exam:
- An ultrasound is performed to measure the nuchal translucency (NT), which is the clear space at the back of the baby's neck.
- The NT measurement, along with other factors, helps to assess the risk of Down syndrome and other chromosomal issues.
How the FTS Test Works
The FTS test combines the results of the blood test and the ultrasound to provide a risk assessment. It does not diagnose any condition, but rather indicates the likelihood of a chromosomal issue.
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Protein Levels: The blood test measures specific proteins that, when found at unusual levels, can be associated with chromosomal abnormalities.
- Examples of these proteins include PAPP-A (pregnancy-associated plasma protein A) and free beta-hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin).
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Nuchal Translucency Measurement: The ultrasound measures the thickness of the nuchal translucency. An increased NT measurement can indicate a higher risk of chromosomal issues.
Why is the FTS Test Important?
- Early Risk Assessment: The FTS test is performed during the first trimester, allowing parents to get early information regarding the risk of certain chromosomal abnormalities.
- Inform Decision-Making: This information can help parents make informed decisions about further diagnostic testing, if necessary.
- Non-Invasive: FTS is a non-invasive screening test, meaning it poses minimal risk to both mother and baby.
Key Points Summary
| Test Component | Method | What is Measured | Significance |
|---|---|---|---|
| Blood Test | Finger prick/blood draw | Levels of specific proteins in the mother's blood | Abnormal levels may indicate an increased risk of chromosomal issues. |
| Ultrasound Exam | Ultrasound | Nuchal translucency (NT) thickness | Increased NT measurement can indicate a higher risk of chromosomal issues, like Down syndrome. |
| Combined Assessment | Blood test + Ultrasound | Integrated risk assessment using protein levels and NT measurement. | Provides the overall risk assessment for chromosomal abnormalities. |
