The number of tetanus toxoid (TT) injections given during pregnancy depends on the woman's prior vaccination history.
For Women with No Prior TT Vaccination:
For pregnant women who have never received a tetanus vaccination, or those without a known vaccination history, two doses of TT are typically recommended.
- First Dose: Administered after 20 weeks of gestation.
- Second Dose: Given at least 30 days after the first dose. Some sources suggest a longer interval (4 weeks or even 60-90 days for optimal antibody response).
For Women with Partial or Unknown Vaccination History:
If a woman's vaccination history is incomplete or unclear, a healthcare provider will assess her individual needs to determine the appropriate number of doses. This might involve administering a complete series (three doses) or just supplemental doses based on available records and antibody tests.
For Women with Complete TT Vaccination:
Women with documented complete primary TT vaccination, typically receiving three shots earlier in life, generally do not require additional TT injections during pregnancy, unless their last dose was more than 10 years ago. In this scenario, a single booster may be sufficient.
Tdap Vaccination During Pregnancy:
It's crucial to differentiate between TT and Tdap (tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis) vaccines. While TT only protects against tetanus, Tdap provides broader protection. One dose of Tdap is recommended during each pregnancy, preferably between 27 and 36 weeks gestation. However, if given earlier in pregnancy, it doesn't need to be repeated later.
In summary: While two doses of TT are often mentioned for those without prior vaccination, the precise number depends on individual vaccination history and the type of vaccine (TT or Tdap) being considered. Consultation with a healthcare professional is essential for personalized recommendations.
