In programmed learning, a frame refers to a discrete, self-contained unit of learning material that is presented to the learner. It is a fundamental building block in the structured delivery of educational content, guiding the learner step-by-step through a subject.
Key Characteristics and Functionality
A frame serves as a concise segment designed to facilitate understanding and interaction. The nature and size of a frame can vary depending on the type of programmed learning model:
- Content Delivery Unit: Each frame presents a specific piece of information, a concept, or a question. In branching programs, for instance, a frame can be quite substantial, providing much information, spanning one or two paragraphs, or even an entire page of material. This makes them considerably larger than the frames typically found in linear programs, which tend to be smaller, incremental steps.
- Learner Interaction: After absorbing the information within a frame, the learner is typically prompted to respond. This might involve answering a question, solving a problem, or making a choice related to the presented content.
- Immediate Feedback: A core principle of programmed learning is the provision of instant feedback. Once a learner responds to a frame, they receive immediate information on the correctness of their answer. This feedback helps reinforce learning or directs the learner to review the material.
- Guided Progression: Based on the learner's response and the feedback received, the program guides them to the next appropriate frame. In a linear program, learners proceed sequentially. In a branching program, correct answers lead to new content, while incorrect answers might direct the learner to remedial frames that re-explain concepts or offer different perspectives before allowing them to return to the main progression.
- Self-Paced Learning: Frames enable learners to progress at their own speed, ensuring comprehension and mastery of each unit before advancing. The learner goes through the frame at their own pace.
Essentially, frames break down complex subjects into manageable, interactive steps, allowing learners to actively engage with the material and receive continuous reinforcement as they build their knowledge.
