Psychologists, particularly those in counseling and therapy roles, most commonly refer to individuals seeking their services as clients rather than patients. This distinction reflects a key philosophical and practical difference in their approach to mental well-being.
Client vs. Patient: Understanding the Terminology
The choice of terminology is deliberate and carries significant implications for the therapeutic relationship. While the term "patient" is traditionally used in medical settings, psychologists often opt for "client" to emphasize a more collaborative and empowering relationship.
Why "Client" is Preferred
For many psychologists, particularly counselors and therapists, "client" is the preferred term because it underscores a non-medical and empowering approach. When someone is referred to as a "patient," it often implies a more passive role, waiting for treatment from a medical professional. In contrast, "client" suggests an active participant in their own healing process, fostering a sense of shared responsibility and collaboration.
Key reasons for preferring "client" include:
- Empowerment: It signifies that individuals are active agents in their own growth and problem-solving, rather than passive recipients of care.
- Non-Medical Model: It moves away from a purely disease-focused perspective, emphasizing personal growth, development, and coping strategies rather than just "curing an illness."
- Collaboration: It highlights the partnership between the psychologist and the individual, where both contribute to the therapeutic process.
- Reduced Stigma: Using "client" can help to de-medicalize mental health challenges, potentially reducing the stigma associated with seeking psychological support.
When "Patient" Might Still Be Used
While "client" is widely preferred, the term "patient" may still be encountered in specific psychological contexts, particularly those more closely aligned with medical settings or traditional healthcare models.
For example, psychologists working in:
- Hospitals: In a hospital environment, where all individuals receiving care are typically referred to as "patients," psychologists might adopt this terminology for consistency.
- Medical Clinics: Psychologists integrated into medical practices (e.g., primary care, specialty clinics) might use "patient" to align with the overall medical framework.
- Neuropsychology: In settings focused on brain function and neurological conditions, where the work often interfaces directly with medical diagnoses, "patient" may be more common.
- Psychiatry: Psychiatrists are medical doctors who can prescribe medication, and they typically refer to individuals as "patients." Psychologists working in close collaboration with psychiatrists might also use this term.
Here's a comparison to illustrate the different implications:
Term | Role Implied | Primary Focus | Common Setting |
---|---|---|---|
Client | Active, collaborative, empowered | Growth, coping, personal development | Private practice, counseling centers, schools |
Patient | Passive, recipient of treatment | Diagnosis, treatment of illness, medical care | Hospitals, medical clinics, psychiatric settings |
The Evolution of Terminology
The shift from "patient" to "client" in psychology reflects an evolving understanding of mental health and the therapeutic relationship. It underscores a move towards a more holistic, person-centered approach that views individuals not merely as having an illness to be cured, but as resourceful individuals capable of growth and change. This modern perspective emphasizes respect, autonomy, and shared responsibility in the journey toward well-being.
For more information on the distinctions in terminology within mental health, you might consult resources from professional psychological associations such as the American Psychological Association (APA).