What not to do with a pulmonary embolism?

When managing a pulmonary embolism (PE), it is crucial to understand which activities and behaviors to avoid to ensure a safe recovery and prevent complications.

Here's what not to do with a pulmonary embolism:

1. Avoid Strenuous Exercise and High-Impact Activities

While gentle movement is encouraged, vigorous physical exertion should be avoided, especially in the initial recovery phase. Strenuous exercise can put undue strain on your cardiovascular system and potentially increase risks during a delicate period.

• Do NOT engage in:
  • Heavy lifting
  • High-impact sports (e.g., running, jumping)
  • Intense aerobic workouts
  • Activities requiring significant pushing or straining

2. Do Not Participate in Activities That Increase Bleeding Risk

If you are on anticoagulant medication (blood thinners), which is standard treatment for PE, it is vital to avoid activities that could lead to injury and bleeding.

• Do NOT play:
  • Contact sports (e.g., football, rugby, basketball, hockey, martial arts)
  • Sports with a high risk of falls or blunt trauma (e.g., skiing, snowboarding, horseback riding, cycling in hazardous areas)
• Do NOT engage in:
  • Activities where you might sustain cuts or scrapes easily.
• Do NOT take:
  • Over-the-counter medications that thin the blood, such as aspirin or NSAIDs (e.g., ibuprofen, naproxen), without consulting your doctor.
  • Certain herbal supplements (e.g., high-dose garlic, ginkgo biloba, ginger, dong quai) without medical approval, as they can also increase bleeding risk.

3. Do Not Remain in Prolonged Bed Rest

Contrary to outdated advice, prolonged bed rest is generally not necessary or recommended after a pulmonary embolism. Complete immobility can actually increase the risk of developing new blood clots and lead to other complications like muscle weakness.

• Do NOT:
  • Assume you need to stay in bed all day.
  • Avoid all movement. Instead, try to carry out your normal daily activities.

4. Do Not Ignore Medical Advice or Symptoms

Strict adherence to your prescribed treatment plan and vigilant monitoring of your symptoms are paramount.

• Do NOT:
  • Miss doses of your anticoagulant medication.
  • Stop taking your medication without explicit instruction from your doctor.
  • Ignore signs of bleeding, such as:
    • Unusual bruising or nosebleeds
    • Blood in your urine or stool (may appear black and tarry)
    • Excessive bleeding from minor cuts or gums
    • Heavy menstrual bleeding
  • Disregard symptoms of a new or worsening pulmonary embolism, including:
    • Sudden shortness of breath
    • Chest pain that worsens with deep breaths
    • Coughing up blood
    • Lightheadedness or dizziness

5. Avoid Certain Lifestyle Habits

Some lifestyle choices can significantly impact your recovery and long-term health when managing a PE.

• Do NOT:
  • Smoke: Smoking damages blood vessels and increases the risk of clot formation.
  • Become Dehydrated: Staying adequately hydrated helps maintain blood flow and can reduce the risk of clot formation.
  • Engage in Prolonged Immobility Without Precautions: While bed rest is usually not required, extended periods of sitting or standing (e.g., long flights or car journeys) should be managed with precautions like regular movement, stretching, and staying hydrated to prevent new clots.

Summary of What Not to Do

To help visualize the key restrictions, the table below outlines common activities to avoid versus those generally encouraged.

By understanding and adhering to these guidelines, individuals recovering from a pulmonary embolism can significantly reduce the risk of complications and support their healing process. Always consult your healthcare provider for personalized advice and management of your condition.