The oldest continuously operating public radio station is widely recognized as WHA in Madison, Wisconsin. Its origins trace back to experimental broadcasts by the University of Wisconsin-Madison in 1917 under the call sign 9XM, before receiving its official license as WHA in 1922.
The Dawn of Public Radio
Unlike commercial radio, which emerged with stations focused on entertainment and advertising, public radio stations like WHA were born out of educational institutions and a desire to serve the public interest through information, education, and cultural enrichment.
- Early Innovations (9XM): Before its official designation, 9XM began transmitting weather forecasts and market reports, demonstrating the potential for radio as a public service tool. This pioneering spirit laid the groundwork for what would become public broadcasting.
- Formal Licensing (WHA): In 1922, 9XM officially became WHA, signifying its commitment to regular, non-commercial programming. This marked a pivotal moment in the establishment of educational radio.
While commercial radio saw its beginnings with stations like KDKA in Pittsburgh, which famously transmitted the first scheduled broadcast on November 2, 1920, the landscape of public radio developed along a distinct, non-commercial path. Early educational stations focused on extending university resources to the broader community, distinct from the commercial model.
Key Milestones in Early Radio History
The early 20th century was a period of rapid innovation in radio broadcasting, with different models emerging simultaneously.
| Year | Station | Type of Broadcast | Significance |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1917 | 9XM (WHA) | Experimental/Educational | Earliest continuous educational broadcasts. |
| 1920 | KDKA | Commercial | First scheduled commercial broadcast. |
| 1922 | WHA | Public/Educational | Officially licensed as WHA, continuing educational mission. |
| 1967 | Public Broadcasting Act | Legislation | Established the Corporation for Public Broadcasting (CPB) and eventually NPR. |
The Evolution of Public Broadcasting
The early educational stations like WHA were precursors to the structured public broadcasting system we know today. Their success and unique mission highlighted the need for a dedicated non-commercial radio service.
- Foundation of Public Radio: These early stations demonstrated the value of radio for educational outreach, civic engagement, and providing content not typically found on commercial airwaves.
- Public Broadcasting Act of 1967: This landmark legislation formally established the framework for public broadcasting in the United States, creating the Corporation for Public Broadcasting (CPB) and leading to the formation of NPR (National Public Radio) in 1970. This act solidified the role of non-commercial stations in the national media landscape.
WHA continues to operate today as a cornerstone of Wisconsin Public Radio, embodying the enduring legacy of the nation's oldest public radio station.
