Yes, you can put fish in a reef tank, and it's often done, but careful planning and species selection are crucial for a thriving ecosystem.
While the older school of thought advised against keeping fish with corals due to potential damage from nipping, waste production, and general disruption, modern reefkeeping practices demonstrate that a well-maintained reef aquarium can successfully house both fish and corals. The key is understanding the specific needs of each species and creating a balanced environment.
Here's a breakdown of factors to consider:
Choosing Compatible Fish Species
Selecting the right fish is paramount. Certain fish species are notorious for nipping at corals, eating invertebrates, or generally disturbing the reef environment.
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Reef-Safe Options: Many fish species are considered "reef-safe" because they are unlikely to harm corals or invertebrates. Examples include:
- Clownfish
- Gobies (e.g., Watchman Goby, Yellow Clown Goby)
- Firefish
- Assessors
- Dartfish
- Certain species of Tangs (consider tank size requirements)
- Certain species of Wrasses (Fairy and Flasher wrasses are generally considered safe.)
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Fish to Avoid: Some fish are almost guaranteed to cause problems in a reef tank:
- Butterflyfish (most species)
- Angelfish (large species; dwarf angels are sometimes kept, but with caution)
- Pufferfish
- Triggerfish
- Filefish (some species are coral eaters)
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Considerations for Tangs: While some tangs are considered reef-safe, they require large tanks to thrive. It's crucial to research the specific space requirements of any tang species before introducing it to your reef tank. Insufficient space can lead to stress and aggression.
Maintaining Water Quality
Fish waste contributes to nutrient levels (nitrates and phosphates) in the tank. High nutrient levels can fuel algae growth, which can negatively impact coral health.
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Effective Filtration: A robust filtration system is essential. This includes:
- Protein Skimmer: Removes organic waste before it breaks down.
- Mechanical Filtration: Filter socks or sponges to remove particulate matter.
- Biological Filtration: Live rock or other media to house beneficial bacteria that convert ammonia and nitrites into less harmful nitrates.
- Chemical Filtration: Using media like GFO (Granular Ferric Oxide) to control phosphate levels and activated carbon to remove impurities.
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Regular Water Changes: Performing regular water changes (e.g., 10-20% every 1-2 weeks) helps to replenish trace elements and reduce nutrient buildup.
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Proper Feeding: Avoid overfeeding fish, as uneaten food contributes to nutrient pollution. Offer high-quality food in appropriate amounts.
Tank Size and Stocking Levels
The size of your tank and the number of fish you keep will directly impact water quality and the health of your reef ecosystem.
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Avoid Overcrowding: Overcrowding leads to increased waste production and stress on the fish. Research the specific space requirements of each fish species before adding it to your tank.
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Consider Coral Placement: Ensure corals have adequate space and are not being shaded by fish or other decorations.
Observation and Intervention
Regular observation is crucial for identifying potential problems early.
- Monitor Fish Behavior: Watch for signs of stress, disease, or aggression.
- Inspect Corals Regularly: Look for signs of tissue recession, bleaching, or other health problems.
- Quarantine New Additions: Always quarantine new fish and corals before introducing them to your main display tank to prevent the spread of disease and parasites.
By carefully selecting fish species, maintaining excellent water quality, and practicing responsible reefkeeping techniques, you can successfully create a beautiful and thriving reef aquarium that includes both fish and corals.
