An excellent example of an intermittent schedule is gambling on slot machines.
Understanding Intermittent Schedules
An intermittent schedule, also known as a partial reinforcement schedule, is a method of reinforcement where a behavior is rewarded only some of the time, rather than every time it occurs. This type of schedule is particularly effective at maintaining behaviors over long periods because the unpredictability of the reward makes the behavior more resistant to extinction.
Why Gambling is a Prime Example
Consider the scenario of an individual playing a slot machine. This activity perfectly illustrates an intermittent schedule for several reasons:
- Infrequent Rewards: Not every coin dropped into the slot or pull of the lever results in a payoff. In fact, the vast majority of attempts do not yield any reward.
- Unpredictability: The player never knows when the next reinforcement (a payout) will occur. This uncertainty keeps the player engaged and repeating the action.
- Behavior Persistence: Despite the low frequency of rewards, the occasional payoff is powerful enough to maintain the gambling behavior. The anticipation and hope of hitting a jackpot drive continued engagement, even after many non-rewarded attempts. This irregular pattern of reinforcement makes the behavior incredibly persistent and difficult to extinguish.
Other Common Examples of Intermittent Schedules
While slot machines offer a clear illustration, intermittent schedules are prevalent in many aspects of daily life:
- Fishing: You cast your line many times (the behavior), but you don't catch a fish every time (the reward). The occasional catch keeps you fishing.
- Checking Email/Social Media: You might frequently check your inbox or social media feeds (the behavior), but new, interesting messages or updates (the reward) only appear intermittently.
- Sales Commissions: A salesperson might make many calls or presentations (the behavior) but only close a deal and earn a commission (the reward) occasionally.
These examples highlight how intermittent schedules can lead to very persistent behaviors, even when the rewards are scarce or unpredictable.
