Stridor breathing is noisy breathing that occurs due to obstructed airflow through a narrowed airway. It's a high-pitched, wheezing sound most often heard during inhalation (inspiration), but can sometimes occur during exhalation (expiration) as well. Stridor itself isn't a diagnosis, but rather a sign that indicates a specific underlying airway problem.
Understanding Stridor
Here's a breakdown of what to know about stridor:
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The Sound: The characteristic sound of stridor is a high-pitched, whistling, or squeaking noise. The quality and pitch of the sound can sometimes provide clues about the location of the obstruction in the airway.
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What Causes It? Stridor is caused by a narrowing or blockage in the upper airway – specifically the larynx (voice box), trachea (windpipe), or epiglottis (the flap that covers the trachea when swallowing).
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When Does It Occur? While most commonly heard during inhalation, stridor can also be present during exhalation, or even during both phases of respiration, depending on the nature and location of the airway obstruction.
Common Causes of Stridor
The causes of stridor vary, and they can be more common in certain age groups. Some potential causes include:
- Infections: Croup (laryngotracheobronchitis), epiglottitis, tonsillitis, and retropharyngeal abscesses.
- Foreign Body Aspiration: Especially common in young children who may inhale small objects.
- Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis can cause swelling in the airway.
- Swelling After Surgery: Post-operative swelling, especially after neck or airway surgery.
- Vocal Cord Problems: Vocal cord paralysis or lesions.
- Subglottic Stenosis: Narrowing of the airway below the vocal cords.
- Tumors: Although less common, tumors in the airway can cause stridor.
Why Stridor is Important
Stridor is a significant symptom because it indicates a compromised airway. It's crucial to determine the cause of the stridor and provide appropriate treatment to prevent further airway obstruction and potential respiratory distress. In some cases, stridor can be a medical emergency requiring immediate intervention.
When to Seek Medical Attention
If you or someone you know experiences stridor, especially if accompanied by other symptoms such as difficulty breathing, cyanosis (bluish skin discoloration), drooling, or changes in mental status, seek immediate medical attention.
