Russia currently possesses the world's largest submarine, the BS-329 Belgorod. This special-purpose unit is a crucial asset in Russia's naval fleet, designed for unique missions and as a carrier for advanced systems.
Russia's Naval Giant: The BS-329 Belgorod
The BS-329 Belgorod, designated as Project 09852, holds the distinction of being the longest submarine ever built, measuring approximately 184 meters (604 feet). While its exact operational details remain classified, it is publicly known as a dedicated carrier for the 2M39 Poseidon nuclear-powered torpedoes. These intercontinental, nuclear-capable underwater drones are a key part of its specialized purpose.
The Belgorod's design allows it to perform various deep-sea special operations, including research, rescue missions, and acting as a mothership for smaller, manned, and unmanned deep-diving submersibles. Its significant size provides ample space for advanced equipment and extended mission endurance.
Historical Context: The Typhoon Class
Before the Belgorod, the Typhoon-class submarines (Project 941 Akula) of the Soviet Union were renowned as the largest submarines in the world by submerged displacement. These massive vessels, a testament to what was sometimes referred to as "Soviet gigantomania," set historical precedents for submarine design and capability.
While the Belgorod is longer, the Typhoon class boasts a greater submerged displacement, making it the heaviest submarine ever constructed. The last active Typhoon-class submarine, the Dmitriy Donskoy, continued to serve for decades, marking an era of immense Cold War naval engineering.
Comparison: Belgorod vs. Typhoon Class
Understanding the scale of these submarines often benefits from a direct comparison:
| Feature | BS-329 Belgorod (Project 09852) | Typhoon Class (Project 941 Akula) |
|---|---|---|
| Nation | Russia | Soviet Union / Russia |
| Primary Role | Special Purpose Unit, Poseidon Carrier, Deep-Sea Operations | Ballistic Missile Submarine (SSBN) |
| Length | ~184 meters (604 feet) | ~175 meters (574 feet) |
| Beam | ~15 meters (49 feet) | ~23 meters (75 feet) |
| Submerged Displacement | ~30,000 tons (estimated) | ~48,000 tons |
| Key Armament | 2M39 Poseidon nuclear torpedoes | Up to 20 R-39 Rif (SS-N-20 Sturgeon) SLBMs |
| Status | Active (commissioned 2022) | Largely decommissioned (one active, others in reserve/scrapped) |
Note: Displacement figures can vary slightly depending on the source and specific configurations.
The Belgorod represents a new generation of specialized submarines, emphasizing strategic deep-sea capabilities and advanced unconventional weaponry like the Poseidon torpedo, rather than the traditional ballistic missile role of the Typhoons. Its role highlights a shift in naval strategy towards versatile underwater platforms capable of supporting a range of covert and strategic missions.
