The parotid gland is one of the three pairs of major salivary glands in humans. Located just in front of each ear, these glands are the largest of the salivary glands. They produce a watery, thin saliva called serous saliva, which contains amylase, an enzyme that starts the digestion of carbohydrates.
Location and Size
- Location: Situated below and in front of each ear.
- Size: The largest of the three major salivary gland pairs.
Function
The parotid glands' primary function is saliva production. This saliva is essential for:
- Chewing
- Swallowing
- Digesting food (specifically carbohydrates due to amylase content)
Clinical Significance
Parotid glands are susceptible to certain conditions, most notably:
- Parotid Tumors: These growths can be benign or malignant. A painless swelling on one side of the face may indicate a parotid tumor. (Mayo Clinic) (Johns Hopkins Medicine)
- Salivary Gland Disorders: Damage or insufficient saliva production from the parotid glands (and other salivary glands) can affect taste, make chewing and swallowing difficult, and increase the risk of dental problems. (National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research)
Additional Notes
The parotid gland's secretion is transported to the oral cavity via the Stensen's duct. Many other smaller salivary glands are found throughout the lips, cheeks, mouth, and throat, contributing to overall saliva production. (Parotid Surgery MD)
