Keloid scars are raised, thick scars that grow beyond the original boundary of a skin wound. They occur when the body produces excessive collagen during the healing process. This excessive collagen formation results in a scar that's significantly larger than the initial injury.
Understanding Keloid Scars
A keloid scar is a type of raised scar that forms after an injury to the skin. It's characterized by its excessive growth beyond the original wound's borders. Unlike normal scars, which remain within the confines of the initial injury, keloids continue to grow, sometimes for months or even years after the initial wound has healed. This overgrowth is due to an overproduction of collagen, a protein that plays a crucial role in skin repair and tissue regeneration.
Any skin injury can potentially lead to keloid formation, including:
- Cuts
- Burns
- Surgery
- Acne
- Body piercings
However, some individuals are more prone to developing keloids than others. The precise cause remains unclear, but genetics are believed to play a significant role. Keloids commonly appear on the:
- Earlobes
- Shoulders
- Cheeks
- Chest
While you cannot completely eliminate a keloid scar, various treatments can help reduce its size, improve its appearance, and alleviate associated symptoms like itching.
Causes and Formation
Keloids are a result of abnormal wound healing. While the exact cause isn't fully understood, factors contributing to their formation include:
- Genetics: A family history of keloids significantly increases the risk.
- Skin injury: Any injury causing skin damage can trigger keloid formation.
- Excessive collagen production: The body's overproduction of collagen leads to the raised, overgrown scar tissue.
Diagnosis and Treatment
A dermatologist can usually diagnose a keloid simply by visually examining the scar. Treatment options include:
- Corticosteroid injections: To reduce inflammation and scar size.
- Cryotherapy (freezing): To destroy some of the scar tissue.
- Surgical excision: Removal of the keloid, often followed by other treatments to prevent recurrence.
- Laser therapy: To improve the appearance of the scar.
- Pressure therapy: Applying pressure to the area to flatten the scar.
- Silicone sheeting: Applying silicone gel sheets over the scar to reduce inflammation and improve texture.
Important Note: The effectiveness of these treatments varies depending on the individual and the size and location of the keloid. Recurrent formation is possible.
Information Sources: The information provided above is synthesized from multiple sources, including the Mayo Clinic, NHS, American Academy of Dermatology (AAD), Healthline, Cleveland Clinic, DermNet, WebMD, UpToDate, and FamilyDoctor.org. These sources provide comprehensive information on keloid scars, their causes, diagnosis, and treatment options.
