UVB and UVC rays are particularly harmful to the skin. While all UV rays (UVA, UVB, and UVC) from the sun are damaging, UVB and UVC rays pose the greatest threat.
The Dangers of UVB Rays
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Direct DNA Damage: UVB rays have enough energy to directly damage the DNA within skin cells. This damage is a leading cause of sunburns and is strongly linked to the development of skin cancer. (American Cancer Society) The American Cancer Society states that UVB rays are the primary cause of most skin cancers.
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Sunburns: Sunburns are a direct result of UVB radiation, a clear indication of skin damage. (US EPA)
The Dangers of UVC Rays
- High Energy: UVC rays possess even more energy than UVB rays. (American Cancer Society) However, most UVC rays are absorbed by the ozone layer, preventing them from reaching the earth's surface in significant amounts. Artificial sources, such as tanning beds and some germicidal lamps, can emit UVC rays, posing a risk in those contexts.
UVA Rays: Also a Concern
Although not as directly damaging as UVB, UVA rays still contribute to skin aging and damage, and are also a factor in skin cancer development. Most tanning beds emit primarily UVA radiation.
Cumulative Damage
It is important to note that the damage from UV exposure is cumulative. (Skin Cancer Foundation) The body can repair some of this damage, but prolonged or intense exposure overwhelms this repair mechanism, leading to long-term consequences.
