Chloasma, also widely known as melasma or the "pregnancy mask," is a common skin condition characterized by the appearance of brown or greyish patches of pigmentation, most typically developing on the face. It primarily affects adults and is a form of hyperpigmentation, meaning an excess production of melanin, the natural pigment that gives skin its color.
Understanding Chloasma
While it's not harmful to health, chloasma can be a significant cosmetic concern for those affected. The patches are usually symmetrical and appear on areas of the face that are frequently exposed to the sun, such as the forehead, cheeks, bridge of the nose, upper lip, and chin.
Key Characteristics of Chloasma
To summarize the essential aspects of chloasma:
Aspect | Description |
---|---|
Other Names | Melasma, Pregnancy Mask |
Description | A common skin condition causing brown or greyish patches of pigmentation. |
Typical Location | Usually on the face (forehead, cheeks, bridge of nose, upper lip, chin). |
Affected Group | Primarily adults, more common in women. |
Nature | A benign (non-cancerous) form of hyperpigmentation. |
Common Triggers and Factors
Several factors can trigger or exacerbate the development of chloasma, influencing why it's also known as the "pregnancy mask":
- Hormonal Changes: This is a primary driver. Fluctuations in hormones, particularly during pregnancy (hence "pregnancy mask"), use of oral contraceptives, or hormone replacement therapy, can stimulate melanin production.
- Sun Exposure: Ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun is a significant aggravating factor. Sun exposure can darken existing patches and trigger new ones, even in those without hormonal influences.
- Genetics: There appears to be a genetic predisposition, meaning if family members have experienced chloasma, you might be more prone to it.
- Certain Medications or Products: Some medications or irritating skincare products can make the skin more sensitive to sun exposure, potentially leading to chloasma.
Living with Chloasma
While chloasma can be persistent, understanding its triggers is crucial for management. Sun protection is paramount, including daily use of broad-spectrum sunscreen, wearing wide-brimmed hats, and seeking shade. For more in-depth information about this condition, you can refer to resources from reputable organizations like the British Skin Foundation.